Entrepreneurship in RECENT spanish education LAWS

Ana valbuena,
2019
1 Javier Atance Ibar Delimitación del término emprendimiento y su evolución histórica en las leyes educativas españolas https://www.fes-sociologia.com/delimitacion-del-termino-emprendimiento-y-su-evolucion-historica-e/congress-papers/3407/
2 A specific overview on the Young theatre makers situation along those years can be checked in Fernández Valbuena, Ana - Christian Machiel (2015) “Regards Croisés Espagne/Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles. Le parcours et la situation des professionnels du théâtre. États des lieux et perspectives”, Etude,
http://fondation-hicter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/
christian_machiels_etude_2015.pdf
 
3 LOMCE: Ley Orgánica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa (B.O.E. nº 295, 10th December).
The term Entrepreneurship has existed for centuries but recently, at the beginning of the 21st one, it has reached its maximum diffusion understood as the aptitude and attitude of people and companies to face new challenges allowing progress and innovation, bringing them to achieve new goals of development in the advancement of any activity one can undertake1.

Bu the conventional understanding of the concept entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs is no longer exclusively associated with the promotion of innovation and productivity, on the contrary, it has been consolidated as a way to combat unemployment and social vulnerability, to create jobs for people who have some particular aptitudes to create their own companies and projects... These "other ventures" can also be considered as an object of sociological study and it is the way this Erasmus + project has worked in, applying it into Higher Theatre Education. 

We have seen hoe lately this concept has become extremely important in our society: in the media, in economic and educational policies, as well as in laws aiming to open new channels for companies through new ideas. At their head there are strong young entrepreneurs full or initiative and ground breaking ideas, which are laying the foundations of a new economy and that have, in turn, boosted self-employment. In Spain, especially since the economic crisis changed Spanish society a decade ago, as well as the concept of the business world. In every working field the “oneself made” way has been stimulated as a way for succeeding and the battered theatre professionals have not been an exception. More than ever, trusting on your own initiative has allowed young theatre makers to survive along the most difficult years of the economic crisis2.

The term Entrepreneurship has its origin in the Latin words in and prendere; from that Roman base, French language coined the novel term entrepreneur, which can be translated as a pioneer. Our century brought us a growing interest in entrepreneurial activity and the novelty regarding the previous stages was its clear and explicit reflection in the educational laws, which meant a definite support to this modern competence. At a European level a great boost has been given to entrepreneurship, and the publication of the Green Paper on entrepreneurship published by the EU (2003) was a prove of it: the conceptual foundations of entrepreneurship are developed there (https://web.archive.org/web/
20040611050753/
http://www.europa.eu.int:80/comm/
enterprise/entrepreneurship/
green_paper/index.html
).
In the educational field at the Lisbon European Council in 2000 it was decided to give a great boost to entrepreneurship acquiring the commitment to promote it in educational institutions. In Spain, the latest new educational law known as LOMCE3 has greatly enhanced entrepreneurship education and, in addition to considering it a capacity to work transversally at all levels, it makes possible for any regional administration aiming to have it as a subject in their high school curriculum to implement it under the name of Iniciativa Emprendedora (Entrepreneurship). So, it seems that entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship as a cross-cutting subject in the education system is being concretized in some curricula in the Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education System (ESO), the Baccalaureate and even at the University, predicting a more inclusive future towards this learning issue. The LOMCE recognizes that education is the key to this transformation through the training of active self-confidence people, curious, enterprising and innovative. 

In fact, in the former Spanish Educational Law of 2002, the LOCE, (Organic Law 10/2002, of December 23, subsequently repealed) in the statement of reasons to repeal it already stated: “Entrepreneurial spirit needs to deal with the evolution of future employment demands”. Among the principles of educational quality cited: "The ability of students to trust their own skills and knowledge, developing the values and basic principles of creativity, personal initiative and entrepreneurial spirit." 

The law which followed it (LOE. Organic Law of Education of 2/2006, of May 3), endorsed in the third principle of its preamble the objectives set forth by the European Union in this regard, specifying one of them thus: “The objective is to open the systems to the outside world, which requires strengthening ties with working field, with research and society in general, developing entrepreneurship, improving foreign language learning, increasing mobility and exchanges and strengthening European cooperation." All of them have been objectives fundamentally present in our applied research project.

A wider overview in European context can be collated in Entrepreneurship Education at School in Europe. Eurydice Report, 2016 https://publications.europa.eu/
en/publication-detail/-/publication/74a7d356-dc53-11e5-8fea-01aa75ed71a1/language-en 

1 Javier Atance Ibar Delimitación del término emprendimiento y su evolución histórica en las leyes educativas españolas https://www.fes-sociologia.com/delimitacion-del-termino-emprendimiento-y-su-evolucion-historica-e/congress-papers/3407/
2 En él se define como “un fenómeno pluridimensional y aunque pueda estar presente en diferentes contextos económicos u otros, y en cualquier tipo de organización el documento se centra en el espíritu emprendedor en el ámbito empresarial”.
3 LOMCE: Ley Orgánica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa. Publicado en B.O.E. nº 295 de 10 de diciembre.